Blood Disorders and Blood Diseases

Blood is living tissue consisting of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, protein and salts. Over 50% of blood is plasma. The solid part of blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Pure or oxygenated blood flows from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium of the heart and from there into the left ventricle. From there it is pumped into the aorta which branches into many arteries, supplying the oxygenated blood to the various internal organs and other tissues of the body. Oxygenated blood is bright red in colour due to the presence of oxygen and is commonly referred to as ‘arterial blood’.

Impure or de-oxygenated blood containing impurities and carbon dioxide is collected from the different tissues of the body by veins which combine and finally and deliver it to the right atrium of the heart from where it goes to the right ventricle. From there it is pumped into the pulmonary vein which carries this impure blood to the lungs for purification. De-oxygenated blood is darker in colour and is commonly referred to as ‘venous blood’.

Red blood cells which contain hæmoglobin deliver oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs and carry back the carbon dioxide to the lungs. White blood cells fight infection and are part of the body's defence system. Platelets help blood to clot. Bone marrow, the spongy material inside bones, makes new blood cells. Blood cells constantly die and the body makes new ones. Red blood cells live about 120 days, platelets 6 days and white cells less than a day.

There are many types of blood disorders:

deficiency disorder
neoplastic disorders
hereditary disorders.

Most of these disorders result in a common condition called anaemia. There are also other blood disorders and diseases like haemophilia, leukaemia etc.

Posted By : rishi

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